Gemeindeverwaltung und Gemeindeentwicklung in der Provinz Bali (Indonesien)

Abstract It is intended by the Indonesian govemment to develop all the villages in Indonesia by the year 2000. The villages are expected to firstbecome “progressive” {desa swakarya), then “developed” {desa swasembada) and finally desa pancasila - the community where the citizens live in social justice, prosperity and welfare. The villages are classified by the office for rural/village development {pembangunan desa) according to the quality of seven basic areas: employment, production, education, religion/common law, organisations, cooperation among the members of the community, infrastructure as well as public institutions. Since 1978/1980 the communities have been given a broad extension of communal self-administration by the formation of community councils {lembaga musyawarah desa/LEMUDES) and administrative organisations {lembaga ketahanan masyarakat/LKMD) which comprise different managing committees. The communities now have the possibility of taking active part in the process of development according to their felt needs. The outlines of these general aspects of “community development” are followed by the analysis of the special situation in the province of Bali. The article deals inter alia with the historical development of communities, the socio-economic structure and the potential of LEMUDES and LKMD. There still remains one problem. In spite of the achievements in the field of increasing production, education, culture and infrastructure, social justice will, for the time being, lag behind economic growth.