Transmigrasi - das indonesische Umsiedlungsprogramm

Abstract

Transmigrasi is the govemment assisted programme for resettlement from the densely populated islands of Java, Bali and Madura to the outer islands of the Indonesian archipelago. If the plans are realized transmigrasi could become the biggest organized migration in human history. The programme aims at the reduction of population pressure in Java, an increase in food production, and more balanced regional development. After numerous difficulties Repelita III (1979-84), when more than 500.000 families were moved, was a breakthrough. Against this background the target figure for Repelita IV (1984-89) was increased to 750.000 families. Most settlers come from East and Central Java. During Repelita IV Kalimantan and West Irian will replace Sumatra as the main settlement areas. The efficiency of the resettlement process could be improved by organizational reforms, better preparation of settlement sites and strengthening of supporting services. Even so, transmigrants are faced with numerous problems resulting mainly from lack of experience with agricultural production in a totally strange environment, insufficient infrastructural facilities and the loss of traditional social relationships. Transmigration is often criticized by public opinion due to the high costs of the programme, the ecological effects, and the poor performance of the administration involved. Empirical studies, which could allow objective assessments, are therefore urgently needed.