Probleme mit dem Nation-Building in Afghanistan: Bericht über die verfassunggebende Loya Jirga

Abstract

At the first Afghan Conference in November/December 2001 it was decided that a new Afghan constitution should be passed within two years. In June 2003 452 delegates, among them 90 women, were elected and another 50 persons appointed directly by interim president Hamid Karsai, in order to decide upon a constitution, which had already been drafted by a committee. Not least because of bribery and other irregularities during the election process, 70% of the delegates were former commanders of the Mojahedins and war lords. When the Loya Jirga opened on December 14, 2003, the American ambassador and UN envoys had already laid down the agenda and instructed the delegates. Despite strong opposition from different groups (monarchists, ethnic minorities, secularists etc.) and some compromises he had to make with Islamists, Karsai and his Western allies managed to confirm his strong position. On the whole, the new constitution reflects more the global interests of the USA than the requirements of the Afghan people.