For the Eyes Only: The Sensory Politics of Japanese Modernism
Identifiants (Article)
Identifiants (Fichiers)
Résumé
Japan's modernization entailed, amongst other things, a new distribution of the sensible and the privileging of visuality by the state’s regimes of power and knowledge. Larger historical and technological forces demanded the specialization and commodification of the senses: photography and film froze sight and detached it from the totality of experience, while the radio, the phonograph and the telephone separated hearing from seeing.
It is tempting to see literature and especially the modernist movement of Yokomitsu Riichi, Kawabata Yasunari and Kataoka Teppei from the 1920s as a site of resistance against these historical processes and the gradual specularization of experience: after all, they called themselves “shinkankaku-ha”, “New Perceptionists”. Close readings of their fictional and critical texts, however, reveal a much more ambiguous stance. Kankaku (“sensation”, “perception”, “sense impression”) emerges as purified from the fleshy materiality of the body and reduced to the visual only. Regardless of whether they wrote on literature or on film, the modernists emphasized a new sensation that was free from the mediations of the writer’s psyche, in the case of literature, and purged from intertitles and the narration of the benshi, as far as cinema was concerned. Their ideas about sensation and perception resonated with the so-called “pure film movement” (jun’eigageki undō) from the 1910s and with later debates on “absolute cinema” (zettai eiga), which argued for a disembodied, intensely absorbed spectatorship that focused on the visual. The fragmented syntax, distorted temporalities and deinteriorized characters of Kawabata and Yokomitsu owe a lot to technologized visuality. This alienation of the self and its split into pure consciousness and objectified body, motifs that we find in both writers, could be ideologically problematic.
Statistiques
Références
Abbreviations
GNBR Gendai Nihon bungaku ronsōshi 現代日本文学論争史. 3 vols. Tōkyō: Miraisha, 1956.
KYZ Kawabata Yasunari zenshū 川端康成全集. 35 vols. Tōkyō: Shinchōsha, 1980–84.
KBHT Kindai bungaku hyōron taikei 近代文学評論体系. 10 vols. Tōkyō: Kadokawa shoten, 1971–75.
TYRZ Teihon Yokomitsu Riichi zenshū 定本横光利一全集. 16 vols. Tōkyō: Kawade shobō shinsha, 1981–1983.
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